The spaces that human design and actions have shaped. These include infrastructural systems like electricity grids or highway networks, cities, buildings and other structures, landscaped areas, and resource-extraction sites like mines or oil wells. The ways in which these spaces are designed impact our social, cultural, and physical interactions with them. This term came to prominence in the United States and Europe in the 1960s, as the study of relationships between organisms and environments expanded beyond the ecological sciences into such disciplines as anthropology, psychology, urban planning, and architectural design.
Built environment
12 examples
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Hector Guimard Entrance Gate to Paris Subway (Métropolitain) Station, Paris, France c. 1900
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Charles Burchfield Railroad Gantry 1920
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Roberto Burle Marx Garden Design, Duque de Caxias Square, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Plan 1948
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Stephen Shore Cumberland St., Charleston, South Carolina, August 3, 1975 1975
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James Wines BEST Parking Lot project 1976–1977
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Alvin Baltrop Untitled 1975-86
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Sigurd Melin, Anders Mohss, NOAQ Flood Protection AB NOAQ Tubewall Flood Fighting System 1997
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Bernd Becher, Hilla Becher Winding Towers 1966-97
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Gin L. Eng, Marco Meza, Con Edison, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. Con Edison Cast Iron Covers, Type Q-8-V1, for Electric Manholes 2004
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Laura Kurgan, Eric Cadora, David Reinfurt, Sarah Williams, Spatial Information Design Lab, Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University Architecture and Justice from the Million Dollar Blocks project 2006
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raumlaborberlin Cantiere Barca (Boat Yard) 2011
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Sheela Gowda Of All People 2011