César Paternosto. Duino. 1966. Oil on canvas, in two parts, 6' 6 3/4" × 51 3/8" (200 × 130.5 cm) and 6' 6 1/8" × 51" (198.4 × 129.5 cm). Inter-American Fund. © César Paternosto

“I was suggesting a (critical) return to that exclusively Western cultural artifact, the easel painting.”

César Paternosto

Sitting in his studio in downtown New York in 1969, the Argentine painter César Paternosto experienced a breakthrough. At the time, new modes of experimental art were pushing beyond the boundaries of painting and sculpture, interrogating to the point of destruction the very value of these categories. To some critics and artists, it seemed that the expressive possibilities of these mediums had been exhausted. Paternosto, however, believed he had found a new area of painting to explore: the sides of the canvas.

The artist began to prepare paintings with especially thick stretchers and to bring abstract bands of color to the outer edges of his canvases. In 1970, he began to paint the front of his canvases white to draw viewers’ attention outward to capture what he termed “oblique vision.” “I was suggesting a (critical) return to that exclusively Western cultural artifact, the easel painting, but inviting a non-frontal, eccentric, peripatetic reading: walking from one side to the other to absorb the work as a whole,” the artist remembers.1 Encouraging the viewer to move, Paternosto’s works asserted the physicality and objecthood of a painting. The vibrant colors the artist applied to the canvas’s sides produced another dynamic element, recalling Piet Mondrian’s compositions and, closer to the artist’s own time, developments in kinetic art.

In La Plata, the artist’s hometown, he showed his earliest works as part of Grupo Sí, a group inspired by the gestural abstraction of informalist painting. With Alejandro Puente, who had invited the artist to join Grupo Sí, Paternosto pursued geometric abstraction in the mid-1960s, experimenting with color theory and shaped paintings. In Duino, a diptych the artist showed at the Córdoba Biennial in 1966, the shape of the canvases echo the curved and sharp-edged forms painted on them in azure, crimson, and olive green.2 The blank space between the two canvases is also a part of the work, involving the architecture of the gallery and drawing attention to how the paintings exist in the space of their exhibition.

Only later would Paternosto recognize that his “discovery” of “oblique vision” actually deepened this earlier exploration of objecthood, perception, and space in painting. “Even art that appears to be the product of rational speculation also stems from impulses that emerge from the inner depths of the unconscious,” the artist noted.3 Finding a similar hypothesis about the origins of artistic ideas in art theorist Anton Ehrenzweig’s The Hidden Order: A Study in the Psychology of Artistic Imagination, published in 1971, Paternosto named a painting after the book.

On a life-changing trip to Northwest Argentina, Southern Peru, and Southern Bolivia in 1977, the artist was astonished to encounter a long history of abstraction in the monumental art of Indigenous Andean civilizations, one that far preceded the narrative he knew from European histories of modern art. Paternosto began to research Inca masonry and textiles, ultimately producing an academic study titled Piedra Abstracta in 1989 (published in English as The Stone and the Thread in 1996). Meanwhile, he continued painting, favoring a palette of earth tones and choosing Quechua titles for his abstractions. Though these paintings marked a departure from an earlier preference for bold hues, Paternosto remained committed to revealing new perspectives on old forms through his work.

Elise Chagas, Mellon-Marron Research Consortium Fellow, Department of Drawings and Prints, 2023

“Proponía un regreso (crítico) a ese artefacto cultural exclusivo de Occidente, el cuadro de caballete.”

César Paternosto

En 1969, sentado en su estudio en pleno centro de la ciudad de Nueva York, el pintor argentino César Paternosto tuvo una revelación. En aquel momento, las tendencias en el arte experimental buscaban trascender los límites de la painting y la sculpture, cuestionándolas hasta el punto de aniquilar el propio valor de esas categorías. Para algunos críticos y artistas, las capacidades expresivas de esos medios parecían haberse agotado. Paternosto, sin embargo, entendió que había encontrado un nuevo campo por explorar en la pintura: los laterales de la tela.

El artista empezó a preparar los cuadros con bastidores particularmente gruesos y a introducir bandas abstractas de color en los bordes exteriores de las telas. En 1970, comenzó a pintar de blanco la superficie frontal de las telas para dirigir la atención del espectador al exterior y captar lo que denominó una “visión oblicua”. “Proponía un regreso (crítico) a ese artefacto cultural exclusivo de Occidente, el cuadro de caballete, pero invitando una lectura no frontal, excéntrica, peripatética: caminar de un extremo a otro para poder absorber la obra en su conjunto”, recuerda el artista. Al impulsar al espectador a moverse, las obras de Paternosto afirmaban el carácter físico y objetual de la pintura. Los vibrantes colores que aplicaba a los laterales de la tela generaban otro efecto dinámico, que recordaba a las composiciones de Piet Mondrian y, más cercanos a la época del artista, a los avances del arte cinético .

En La Plata, su ciudad natal, expuso sus primeras obras como integrante del Grupo Sí, un colectivo inspirado en la abstracción gestual de la pintura informalista. A mediados de la década de 1960 y junto a Alejandro Puente, quien lo había invitado a unirse al Grupo Sí, Paternosto se dedicó a la abstracción geométrica , y experimentó con la teoría del color y los marcos recortados y irregulares. En Duino, un díptico que el artista expuso en la Bienal de Córdoba en 1966, la forma de los bastidores reproduce las formas curvas y afiladas pintadas sobre ellos en azul, carmín y verde oliva. El espacio en blanco entre las dos telas también formaba parte de la obra, incorporando así la arquitectura de la galería y llamando la atención sobre la manera en que las obras habitaban el espacio de su exposición.

Mucho más tarde, Paternosto reconoció que su “descubrimiento” de la “visión oblicua” en realidad profundizaba en su anterior exploración en torno a la objetualidad, la percepción y el espacio en la pintura. “Hasta el arte que parece producto de la especulación racional surge de impulsos que emergen de las profundidades interiores del inconsciente”, señaló el artista. Tras encontrar una tesis similar sobre los orígenes de las ideas artísticas en el libro The Hidden Order: A Study in the Psychology of Artistic Imagination del teórico del arte Anton Ehrenzweig, publicada en 1971, Paternosto bautizó un cuadro con el título del libro.

En 1977, hizo un viaje al noroeste de Argentina, sur de Perú y sur de Bolivia que le cambió la vida: quedó maravillado al descubrir una larga historia de abstracción en el monumental arte de las civilizaciones indígenas andinas, muy anterior a la narrativa que ya conocía de la historia europea del arte moderno. Paternosto comenzó a investigar la arquitectura y los tejidos incas, y en 1989 publicó un trabajo académico titulado Piedra Abstracta (publicado en inglés como The Stone and the Thread, 1996). Mientras, siguió pintando. Optó por una paleta de tonos terrosos y eligió títulos en quechua para sus abstracciones. Aunque estas pinturas marcaron un alejamiento de su anterior preferencia por los tonos más intensos, Paternosto siguió empeñado en descubrir nuevas perspectivas de las antiguas formas a través de su obra.

Elise Chagas, becaria del Consorcio de Investigación Mellon-Marron, Departamento de Dibujos y Grabados, 2023

  1. César Paternosto in conversation with Edward J. Sullivan, César Paternosto: Painting as Object: The Lateral Expansion. New Works, (Exh. Cat. New York: Cecilia de Torres, Ltd, 2012), pg. 41.

  2. Alfred Barr, then director of The Museum of Modern Art, was on the Biennial jury. He acquired the work directly from Paternosto for the Museum at the Biennial.

  3. César Paternosto, “Paternosto: Apunte Autobiográfico,” in Paternosto, (Madrid: TF editores, 2007), 226.

Wikipedia entry
Wikidata
Q19802329
Information from Wikipedia, made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Getty record
Introduction
Paternosto received his visual arts education at the Escuela de Bellas Artes y Estética of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. In 1964, Paternoso won first prize at the III Cordoba Biennial in Argentina.
Nationalities
Argentine, South American
Gender
Male
Roles
Artist, Author, Lecturer, Painter
Name
César Paternosto
Ulan
500116708
Information from Getty’s Union List of Artist Names ® (ULAN), made available under the ODC Attribution License

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