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  • Otto Dix. Soldiers' Grave Between the Lines (Soldatengrab zwischen den Linien) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Soldiers' Grave Between the Lines...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Soldiers' Grave Between the Lines (Soldatengrab zwischen den Linien) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Buried Alive (January 1916, Champagne) [Verschüttete (Januar 1916, Champagne)]  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Buried Alive (January 1916, Champagne)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Buried Alive (January 1916, Champagne) [Verschüttete (Januar 1916, Champagne)]  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Gas Victims (Templeux-La-Fosse, August 1916) [Gastote: Templeux-La-Fosse, August 1916] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Gas Victims (Templeux-La-Fosse, August...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Gas Victims (Templeux-La-Fosse, August 1916) [Gastote: Templeux-La-Fosse, August 1916] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Crater Field near Dontrien, Lit by Flares (Trichterfeld bei Dontrien, von Leuchtkugeln erhellt) fromThe War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Crater Field near Dontrien, Lit by Flares...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Crater Field near Dontrien, Lit by Flares (Trichterfeld bei Dontrien, von Leuchtkugeln erhellt) fromThe War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Horse Cadaver (Pferdekadaver) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Horse Cadaver (Pferdekadaver) from...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Horse Cadaver (Pferdekadaver) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Wounded Man (Autumn 1916, Bapaume) [Verwundeter (Herbst 1916, Bapaume)]  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Wounded Man (Autumn 1916, Bapaume)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Wounded Man (Autumn 1916, Bapaume) [Verwundeter (Herbst 1916, Bapaume)]  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Near Langemarck (February 1918) [Bei Langemarck (Februar 1918)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Near Langemarck (February 1918) [Bei...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Near Langemarck (February 1918) [Bei Langemarck (Februar 1918)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Relay Post (Autumn Battle in Champagne) [Relaisposten, (Herbstschlacht in der Champagne)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Relay Post (Autumn Battle in Champagne)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Relay Post (Autumn Battle in Champagne) [Relaisposten, (Herbstschlacht in der Champagne)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Disintegrating Trench (Zerfallender Kampfgraben) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Disintegrating Trench (Zerfallender...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Disintegrating Trench (Zerfallender Kampfgraben) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Wounded Man Fleeing (Battle of the Somme, 1916) [Fliehender Verwundeter (Sommeschlacht 1916)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Wounded Man Fleeing (Battle of the Somme...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Wounded Man Fleeing (Battle of the Somme, 1916) [Fliehender Verwundeter (Sommeschlacht 1916)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Abandoned Position near Neuville (Verlassene Stellung bei Neuville) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Abandoned Position near Neuville...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Abandoned Position near Neuville (Verlassene Stellung bei Neuville) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Shock Troops Advance under Gas (Sturmtruppe geht unter Gas vor) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Shock Troops Advance under Gas...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Shock Troops Advance under Gas (Sturmtruppe geht unter Gas vor) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Mealtime in the Trench (Loretto Heights) [Mahlzeit in der Sappe (Lorettohöhe)]  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Mealtime in the Trench (Loretto Heights)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Mealtime in the Trench (Loretto Heights) [Mahlzeit in der Sappe (Lorettohöhe)]  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Resting Company (Ruhende Kompanie) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Resting Company (Ruhende Kompanie)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Resting Company (Ruhende Kompanie) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Abandoned Position near Vis-en-Artois (Verlassene Stellung bei Vis-en-Artois)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Abandoned Position near Vis-en-Artois...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Abandoned Position near Vis-en-Artois (Verlassene Stellung bei Vis-en-Artois)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Corpse in Barbed Wire (Flanders) [Leiche im Drahtverhau (Flandern)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Corpse in Barbed Wire (Flanders) [Leiche...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Corpse in Barbed Wire (Flanders) [Leiche im Drahtverhau (Flandern)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Flare Illuminates the Monacu-ferme (Leuchtkugel erhellt die Monacu-ferme) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Flare Illuminates the Monacu-ferme...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Flare Illuminates the Monacu-ferme (Leuchtkugel erhellt die Monacu-ferme) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Dead Sentry in the Trench (Toter Sappenposten) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Dead Sentry in the Trench (Toter...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Dead Sentry in the Trench (Toter Sappenposten) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Dance of Death 1917 (Dead Man Heights) [Totentanz anno 17 (Höhe Toter Mann)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Dance of Death 1917 (Dead Man Heights)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Dance of Death 1917 (Dead Man Heights) [Totentanz anno 17 (Höhe Toter Mann)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. The Second Company Will Be Relieved Tonight (Die II. Kompanie wird heute Nacht abgelöst) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    The Second Company Will Be Relieved...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. The Second Company Will Be Relieved Tonight (Die II. Kompanie wird heute Nacht abgelöst) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Battle-Weary Troops Retreat (Battle of the Somme) [Abgekämpfte Truppe geht zurück (Sommeschlacht)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Battle-Weary Troops Retreat (Battle of...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Battle-Weary Troops Retreat (Battle of the Somme) [Abgekämpfte Truppe geht zurück (Sommeschlacht)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Nocturnal Encounter with a Lunatic (Nächtliche Begegnung mit einem Irrsinnigen) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Nocturnal Encounter with a Lunatic...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Nocturnal Encounter with a Lunatic (Nächtliche Begegnung mit einem Irrsinnigen) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Dead Man in the Mud (Toter im Schlamm) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Dead Man in the Mud (Toter im Schlamm)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Dead Man in the Mud (Toter im Schlamm) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Shell Crater with Flowers (Spring 1916) [Granattrichter mit Blumen (Frühling 1916)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Shell Crater with Flowers (Spring 1916)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Shell Crater with Flowers (Spring 1916) [Granattrichter mit Blumen (Frühling 1916)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. The Ruins of Langemarck (Die Trümmer von Langemarck) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    The Ruins of Langemarck (Die Trümmer...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. The Ruins of Langemarck (Die Trümmer von Langemarck) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Dying Soldier (Sterbender Soldat) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Dying Soldier (Sterbender Soldat)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Dying Soldier (Sterbender Soldat) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Evening on the Wijtschaete Plain (November 1917) [Abend in der Wijtschaete-Ebene (November 1917)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Evening on the Wijtschaete Plain...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Evening on the Wijtschaete Plain (November 1917) [Abend in der Wijtschaete-Ebene (November 1917)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Seen on the Escarpment at Cléry-sur-Somme (Gesehen am Steilhang von Cléry-sur-Somme)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Seen on the Escarpment at...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Seen on the Escarpment at Cléry-sur-Somme (Gesehen am Steilhang von Cléry-sur-Somme)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Found While Digging a Trench (Auberive) [Gefunden beim Grabendurchstich (Auberive)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Found While Digging a Trench (Auberive)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Found While Digging a Trench (Auberive) [Gefunden beim Grabendurchstich (Auberive)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Tangled Barbed Wire before the Trench (Drahtverhau vor dem Kampfgraben)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Tangled Barbed Wire before the Trench...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Tangled Barbed Wire before the Trench (Drahtverhau vor dem Kampfgraben)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Skull (Schädel)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Skull (Schädel) from The War...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Skull (Schädel)  from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Sailors in Antwerp (Matrosen in Antwerpen) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Sailors in Antwerp (Matrosen in...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Sailors in Antwerp (Matrosen in Antwerpen) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Lens Being Bombed (Lens wird mit Bomben belegt) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Lens Being Bombed (Lens wird mit Bomben...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Lens Being Bombed (Lens wird mit Bomben belegt) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Front-line Soldier in Brussels (Frontsoldat in Brüssel) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Front-line Soldier in Brussels...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Front-line Soldier in Brussels (Frontsoldat in Brüssel) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. The Madwoman of Sainte-Marie-à-Py (Die Irrsinnige von Sainte-Marie-à-Py) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    The Madwoman of Sainte-Marie-à-Py...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. The Madwoman of Sainte-Marie-à-Py (Die Irrsinnige von Sainte-Marie-à-Py) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Visit to Madame Germaine's in Méricourt (Besuch bei Madame Germaine in Méricourt) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Visit to Madame Germaine's in...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Visit to Madame Germaine's in Méricourt (Besuch bei Madame Germaine in Méricourt) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Canteen in Haplincourt (Kantine in Haplincourt) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Canteen in Haplincourt (Kantine in...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Canteen in Haplincourt (Kantine in Haplincourt) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Shot to Pieces (Zerschossene) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Shot to Pieces (Zerschossene) from...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Shot to Pieces (Zerschossene) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. House Destroyed by Aerial Bombs (Tournai) [Durch Fliegerbomben zerstörtes Haus (Tournai)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    House Destroyed by Aerial Bombs (Tournai)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. House Destroyed by Aerial Bombs (Tournai) [Durch Fliegerbomben zerstörtes Haus (Tournai)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Skin Graft (Transplantation) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Skin Graft (Transplantation) from...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Skin Graft (Transplantation) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Machine-Gun Squad Advances (Somme, November 1916) [Maschinengewehrzug geht vor (Somme, November 1916)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Machine-Gun Squad Advances (Somme...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Machine-Gun Squad Advances (Somme, November 1916) [Maschinengewehrzug geht vor (Somme, November 1916)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Dead Man (St. Clément) [Toter (St. Clément)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Dead Man (St. Clément) [Toter (St...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Dead Man (St. Clément) [Toter (St. Clément)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Ration Carrying near Pilkem (Essenholer bei Pilkem) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Ration Carrying near Pilkem (Essenholer...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Ration Carrying near Pilkem (Essenholer bei Pilkem) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Surprise Attack (Überfall einer Schleichpatrouille) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Surprise Attack (Überfall einer...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Surprise Attack (Überfall einer Schleichpatrouille) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Foxhole (Unterstand) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Foxhole (Unterstand) from The War...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Foxhole (Unterstand) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. The Sleepers of Fort Vaux (Gas Victims) [Die Schlafenden von Fort Vaux (Gas-Tote)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    The Sleepers of Fort Vaux (Gas Victims)...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. The Sleepers of Fort Vaux (Gas Victims) [Die Schlafenden von Fort Vaux (Gas-Tote)] from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Transporting the Wounded in Houthulst Forest (Verwundetentransport im Houthulster Wald) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Transporting the Wounded in Houthulst...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Transporting the Wounded in Houthulst Forest (Verwundetentransport im Houthulster Wald) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix, Karl Nierendorf, Berlin. The Outposts in the Trenches Must Maintain the Bombardment at Night (Die Sappenposten haben nachts das Feuer zu unterhalten) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    The Outposts in the Trenches Must...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix, Karl Nierendorf, Berlin. The Outposts in the Trenches Must Maintain the Bombardment at Night (Die Sappenposten haben nachts das Feuer zu unterhalten) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Roll Call of Returning Troops (Appell der Zurückgekehrten) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Roll Call of Returning Troops (Appell der...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Roll Call of Returning Troops (Appell der Zurückgekehrten) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
  • Otto Dix. Dead Men before the Position near Tahure (Tote vor der Stellung bei Tahure) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)
    Dead Men before the Position near Tahure...
    (1924)
    Otto Dix. Dead Men before the Position near Tahure (Tote vor der Stellung bei Tahure) from The War (Der Krieg). (1924)

About the portfolio

Heather Hess, German Expressionist Digital Archive Project, German Expressionism: Works from the Collection. 2011.

Appearing ten years after the conflict began, Otto Dix's monumental portfolio Der Krieg (The war) neither glorifies World War I nor heroizes its soldiers but shows, in fifty unrelentingly graphic images, the horrible realities experienced by someone who was there. Dix, an artillery gunner in the trenches at the Somme and on the Eastern Front, focused on the aftermath of battle: dead, dying, and shell-shocked soldiers, bombed-out landscapes, and graves.

Dix manipulated the etching and aquatint mediums to heighten the emotional and realistic effects of his meticulously rendered images of horror. He stopped out ghastly white bones and strips of no man's land, leaving brilliant white patches; multiple acid baths ate away at the images, mimicking decaying flesh.

Titles detailing precise places and dates confer an illusion of documentary authenticity. Dix did not transcribe his wartime sketchbooks; these nightmarish scenes are based on his memories of battle, on photographs (including many that had been censored during wartime), and on catacombs. For Dix, these prints were like an exorcism. Dix's publisher, Karl Nierendorf in Berlin, circulated the portfolio throughout Germany with a pacifist organization, Never Again War, though Dix himself doubted that his prints could have any bearing on future wars. Despite the intensive publicity, Nierendorf sold only one complete portfolio from the edition of seventy.

Otto Dix (German, 1891–1969)

The Portfolio

The War (Der Krieg)

Date:
1924 (prints executed 1923-1924)
Medium:
Portfolio of fifty etching, aquatint, and drypoints
Dimensions:
plate (each approx.): 8 11/16 x 9 1/16" (22 x 23 cm); sheet (each approx.): 15 11/16 x 16 9/16" (39.8 x 42.1 cm)
Paper:
28 on cream, smooth, wove, and 22 on cream, smooth, laid.
Publisher:
Karl Nierendorf, Berlin
Printer:
Otto Felsing, Berlin
Edition:
70
Credit Line:
Gift of Abby Aldrich Rockefeller
Copyright:
© 2016 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn
Reference:
Karsch 70-119. Rifkind 484 1-50.
MoMA Number:
159.1934.1-50
Themes:
War
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