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Introduction
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko xoˈse ðe ˈɣoʝa i luˈθjentes]; 30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century painters. Goya is often referred to as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. Goya was born to a middle-class family in 1746, in Fuendetodos in Aragon. He studied painting from age 14 under José Luzán y Martinez and moved to Madrid to study with Anton Raphael Mengs. He married Josefa Bayeu in 1773. Goya became a court painter to the Spanish Crown in 1786 and this early portion of his career is marked by portraits of the Spanish aristocracy and royalty, and Rococo-style tapestry cartoons designed for the royal palace. Although Goya's letters and writings survive, little is known about his thoughts. He had a severe and undiagnosed illness in 1793 that left him deaf, after which his work became progressively darker and more pessimistic. His later easel and mural paintings, prints and drawings appear to reflect a bleak outlook on personal, social and political levels, and contrast with his social climbing. He was appointed Director of the Royal Academy in 1795, the year Manuel Godoy made an unfavorable treaty with France. In 1799, Goya became Primer Pintor de Cámara (Prime Court Painter), the highest rank for a Spanish court painter. In the late 1790s, commissioned by Godoy, he completed his La maja desnuda, a remarkably daring nude for the time and clearly indebted to Diego Velázquez. In 1800–01, he painted Charles IV of Spain and His Family, also influenced by Velázquez. In 1807, Napoleon led the French army into the Peninsular War against Spain. Goya remained in Madrid during the war, which seems to have affected him deeply. Although he did not speak his thoughts in public, they can be inferred from his Disasters of War series of prints (although published 35 years after his death) and his 1814 paintings The Second of May 1808 and The Third of May 1808. Other works from his mid-period include the Caprichos and Los Disparates etching series, and a wide variety of paintings concerned with insanity, mental asylums, witches, fantastical creatures and religious and political corruption, all of which suggest that he feared for both his country's fate and his own mental and physical health. His late period culminates with the Black Paintings of 1819–1823, applied on oil on the plaster walls of his house the Quinta del Sordo (House of the Deaf Man) where, disillusioned by political and social developments in Spain, he lived in near isolation. Goya eventually abandoned Spain in 1824 to retire to the French city of Bordeaux, accompanied by his much younger maid and companion, Leocadia Weiss, who may have been his lover. There he completed his La Tauromaquia series and a number of other works. Following a stroke that left him paralyzed on his right side, Goya died and was buried on 16 April 1828 aged 82.
Wikidata
Q5432
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Getty record
Introduction
By the 1780s, Goya was Spain's leading painter, specializing in religious pictures and portraits; also known for visual commentary on contemporary politics and events. He said that he was influenced by Diego Velázquez, Rembrandt van Rijn; and nature. In 1792, illness left Goya deaf and mentally broken. He turned inward and began creating dark, disturbing, private works.
Nationality
Spanish
Gender
Male
Roles
Artist, Court Painter, Etcher, Lithographer, Portraitist, Painter
Names
Francisco de Goya, Francisco Goya, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Jose y Lucientes de Goya, Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Goya y Lucientes, Francisco de Paula Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Paula José Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Jose de Goya, José de Goya y Lucientes, Francisco De Goya, Francisko Goja, Fransisko Khose de Goia, Fransisko Goiia-i-Lusientes, Fransisko Khose de Goiia, Francisco de Gova y Lucientes, Francisco de José Goya y Lucientes Paula, Ko-ya, Francisco Jose De Goya y Lucientes, Francisco José De Goya Y Lucientes, Louis-Philippe Goya, Francisco de Paula Jose Goya y Lucientes, de goya y lucientes francisco jose, Don Francesco Goya, F. Goya, f. j. de goya, Francesco Goya, Francisco de goya, francisco goya, Francisco Goya Y Lucientes, francisco j. goya, francisco jose de goya, Francisco Jose de Goya y Luzientes, Francisco José Goya, franc. jose de goya y lucientes, fr. goya, fr. j. de goya y lucientes, fr. jose de goya, Goya, goya f., f. de goya, francesco goya, francesco jose goya, francisco jose goya, Goya y Lucientes, j. de goya, j. f. de goya y lucientes
Ulan
500118936
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Information from Getty’s Union List of Artist Names ® (ULAN), made available under the ODC Attribution License

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