The Book

From The Museum of Modern Art's founding by three pioneering women in 1929 to the disruptions and interventions of the 1960s and 1970s by women artists drawing attention to their own lack of representation in the Museum to contemporary work by women of the postfeminist generation, the history of women at MoMA is inextricable from the history of the institution. Modern Women: Women Artists at The Museum of Modern Art, a groundbreaking examination of the Museum's collection, looks at work over the course of this history, by the modern and contemporary women artists whose diversity of practices and contributions to the avant-garde movements of the twentieth century have been enormous, if often underrecognized. Fifty essays, written by many of the strongest voices in current thinking on art and gender, examine both canonical figures and lesser-known artists. Modern Women attempts, in this great diversity of voices and ideas, to address the ways that history might account for the women missing from the familiar narrative of modernism; the ways that women variously fit into, redefine, or turn upside down the usual categories of art and art-making; and the ways that The Museum of Modern Art has been a site of both patronage and protest. Richly illustrated with works from MoMA's collection, this publication offers a lively discourse around gender and the production of meaning in art, one absolutely necessary for a more complex understanding of the art of our time.

Modern Women: Women at The Museum of Modern Art is made possible by the Modern Women's Fund, established by Sarah Peter.

Artists in the Book

Modern Women explores the work of over three hundred women artists represented in the Museum's collection through essays that examine topics such as women at the Bauhaus, design collaborations, photographers between the wars, the legacy of Maya Deren, performance art, architecture, land art, "Riot Grrrls," and contemporary portraiture, as well as shorter, focused essays on individual artists.


View list of all artists in the book ...

Modern Women: A Partial History

The Museum of Modern Art owes a large share of its success to women. The Museum was the idea and creation of three women, and from those founders of 1929 to the associate director and president of the Museum today, women have been instrumental in the development of the institution's mission, program, and collection. More ...

View all women in A Partial History ...
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Table of Contents

  • Foreword   /  Glenn D. Lowry
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    /  CORNELIA BUTLER AND ALEXANDRA SCHWARTZ
  • The Feminist Present: Women Artists at MoMA
    /  Cornelia Butler
  • The Missing Future: MoMA and
    Modern Women
      /  Griselda Pollock
  • "Float the Boat!": Finding a Place for Feminism in The Museum   /  Aruna d'Souza
  • WOMEN ON PAPER  /  CAROL ARMSTRONG
  • CROSSING THE LINE: FRANCES BENJAMIN JOHNSTON AND GERTRUDE KÄSEBIER AS PROFESSIONALS AND ARTISTS  /  SARAH HERMANSON MEISTER
  • WOMEN ARTISTS AND THE RUSSIAN AVANT-GARDE BOOK, 1912−1934  /  STARR FIGURA
  • A COLLECTIVE AND ITS INDIVIDUALS: THE BAUHAUS AND ITS WOMEN  /  T'AI SMITH
  • DOMESTIC REFORM AND EUROPEAN MODERN ARCHITECTURE: CHARLOTTE PERRIAND, GRETE LIHOTZKY, AND ELIZABETH DENBY  /  MARY MCLEOD
  • WOMEN AND PHOTOGRAPHY BETWEEN FEMINISM'S "WAVES"  /  SALLY STEIN
  • WITH, OR WITHOUT YOU: THE GHOSTS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE  /  BEATRIZ COLOMINA
  • WOMEN, MoMA, AND MIDCENTURY DESIGN  /  JULIET KINCHIN
  • MAYA DEREN'S LEGACY  /  SALLY BERGER
  • ABSTRACTION, ORGANISM, APPARATUS: NOTES ON THE PENETRABLE STRUCTURE IN THE WORK OF LYGIA CLARK, GEGO, AND MIRA SCHENDEL  /  LUIS PÉREZ-ORAMAS
  • PERFORMATIVITY IN THE WORK OF FEMALE JAPANESE ARTISTS IN THE 1950s−1960s AND THE 1990s  /  UKO HASEGAWA
  • FROM VIDEO TO INTERMEDIA: A PERSONAL HISTORY  /  BARBARA LONDON
  • MIND, BODY, SCULPTURE: ALICE AYCOCK, MARY MISS, JACKIE WINSOR IN THE 1970s  /  ALEXANDRA SCHWARTZ
  • FUNDAMENTAL TO THE IMAGE: FEMINISM AND ART IN THE 1980s  /  JOHANNA BURTON
  • RIOT ON THE PAGE: THIRTY YEARS OF ZINES BY WOMEN  /  GRETCHEN L. WAGNER
  • FROM FACE TO MASK: COLLAGE, MONTAGE, AND ASSEMBLAGE IN CONTEMPORARY PORTRAITURE  /  ROXANA MARCOCI
  • IN THE WAKE OF THE NEGRESS  /  HUEY COPELAND
  • HOW TO INSTALL ART AS A FEMINIST  /  HELEN MOLESWORTH
  • MODERN WOMEN: A PARTIAL HISTORY  /  MICHELLE ELLIGOTT
  • INDEX
  • TRUSTEES OF THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

Artists in the Book

  • AINO AALTO
  • BERENICE ABBOTT
  • CECILE ABISH
  • MARINA ABRAMOVIĆ
  • ALICE ADAMS
  • AD HOC WOMEN ARTISTS COMMITTEE
  • VIRGINIA ADMIRAL
  • EIJA-LIISA AHTILA
  • PEGGY AHWESH
  • CHANTAL AKERMAN
  • ANNI ALBERS
  • LAURIE ANDERSON
  • SYBIL ANDREWS
  • ELEANOR ANTIN
  • JANINE ANTONI
  • DIANE ARBUS
  • SARA KATHRYN ARLEDGE
  • EMILY ARMSTRONG
  • DOROTHY ARZNER
  • ALICE AYCOCK
  • ANNA BANANA
  • IRIT BATSRY
  • AIMÉE BATTISTINI
  • LISA BAUMGARDNER
  • LOTTE BEESE
  • GRETCHEN BENDER
  • ZAIDA BEN-YÛSUF
  • LYNDA BENGLIS
  • SADIE BENNING
  • OTTI BERGER
  • NELL BLAINE
  • ILSE BING
  • DARA BIRNBAUM
  • PETRA BLAISE
  • NATALIE DE BLOIS
  • PAMELA BODIN
  • THERESE BONNEY
  • LEE BONTECOU
  • IRMA BOOM
  • LOUISE BOURGEOIS
  • MARGARET BOURKE-WHITE
  • MARIANNE BRANDT
  • ANNE W. BRIGMAN
  • TRISHA BROWN
  • ZELINA BRUNSCHWIG
  • ALMA BUSCHER
  • MARY ELLEN BUTE
  • XENIA CAGE
  • CLAUDE CAHUN
  • JULIA MARGARET CAMERON
  • JANET CARDIFF
  • LEONORA CARRINGTON
  • ELIZABETH CATLETT
  • SARAH CHARLESWORTH
  • JUDY CHICAGO
  • ABIGAIL CHILD
  • LYGIA CLARK
  • SHIRLEY CLARKE
  • COUM TRANSMISSIONS
  • XIMENA CUEVAS
  • IMOGEN CUNNINGHAM
  • HANNE DARBOVEN
  • SONIA DELAUNAY-TERK
  • KITTY DE LEEUW
  • DETTY DEMARS
  • ELIZABETH DENBY
  • AGNES DENES
  • MAYA DEREN
  • FREDA DIAMOND
  • DIRT PALACE
  • CHERYL DONEGAN
  • GALENA DOTSENKO
  • KATHERINE S. DREIER
  • JANE DREW
  • MARLENE DUMAS
  • KATHERINE DUNHAM
  • RAY EAMES
  • MARY BETH EDELSON
  • MARLI EHRMAN
  • EL TALLER DE GRÁFICA POPULAR (TGP)
  • CONNIE EMERALD
  • VERA ERMOLAEVA
  • BARBARA ESS
  • CLAIRE FALKENSTEIN
  • DONELDA FAZAKAS
  • JACKIE FERRARA
  • LEONOR FINI
  • HELEN FRANKENTHALER
  • HERMINE FREED
  • SUZY FRELINGHUYSEN
  • GISÈLE FREUND
  • SU FRIEDRICH
  • KATHARINA FRITSCH
  • META VAUX WARRICK FULLER
  • ELLEN GALLAGHER
  • GEGO
  • ANNA BELLA GEIGER
  • MARION GELLER
  • ISA GENZKEN
  • LILLIAN GISH
  • NAN GOLDIN
  • NATALIA GONCHAROVA
  • ELSA GRAMCKO
  • EILEEN GRAY
  • GERTRUDE GREENE
  • JUNE GROFF
  • ILSE GROPIUS
  • GUERRILLA GIRLS
  • DAWN GUICHARD
  • ZAHA HADID
  • BARBARA HAMMER
  • KATHLEEN HANNA
  • ESZTER HARASZTY
  • K8 HARDY
  • RACHEL HARRISON
  • GRACE HARTIGAN
  • ANN HATFIELD
  • MONA HATOUM
  • CLEMENTINA, LADY HAWARDEN
  • DEBORAH HAY
  • EDITH HEATH
  • EVA HESSE
  • FLORENCE HENRI
  • SHEILA HICKS
  • HANNAH HÖCH
  • NANCY HOLT
  • JENNY HOLZER
  • REBECCA HORN
  • VALENTINE HUGO
  • MAKO IDEMITSU
  • PAT IVERS
  • EMILY JACIR
  • LOTTE JACOBI
  • GWEN JOHN
  • BUFFIE JOHNSON
  • FRANCES BENJAMIN JOHNSTON
  • JOAN JONAS
  • MIRANDA JULY
  • FRIDA KAHLO
  • CONSUELO KANAGA
  • GERTRUDE KÄSEBIER
  • MARY KELLY
  • JULIET KEPES
  • FLORENCE KNOLL
  • BENITA KOCH-OTTE
  • SILVIA KOLBOWSKI
  • KÄTHE KOLLWITZ
  • ELAINE DE KOONING
  • BERYL KOROT
  • LEE KRASNER
  • BARBARA KRUGER
  • GERMAINE KRULL
  • SHIGEKO KUBOTA
  • VALENTINA KULAGINA-KLUTSIS
  • YAYOI KUSAMA
  • ELEANOR DE LAITTRE
  • JACQUELINE LAMBA
  • DOROTHEA LANGE
  • RUTH LANDSHOFF
  • EYRE DE LANUX
  • LOUISE LAWLER
  • LES REINES PROCHAINES
  • LORE LEUDESDORFF
  • SHERRIE LEVINE
  • HELEN LEVITT
  • DOROTHY LIEBES
  • LIN TIANMIAO
  • LEE LOZANO
  • LTTR
  • KRISTIN LUCAS
  • SARAH LUCAS
  • MARY LUCIER
  • IDA LUPINO
  • LOREN MACIVER
  • MARGARET MACDONALD
  • GRETA MAGNUSSON GROSSMAN
  • ANNA MARIA MAIOLINO
  • NALINI MALANI
  • MARISOL
  • AGNES MARTIN
  • MARIA MARTINEZ
  • MARJORIE MCKEE
  • ANA MENDIETA
  • BEATRIZ MILHAZES
  • MARY MISS
  • JOAN MITCHELL
  • LISETTE MODEL
  • TINA MODOTTI
  • BARBARA MORGAN
  • MARIKO MORI
  • ULRIKE MÜLLER
  • ELIZABETH MURRAY
  • WANGECHI MUTU
  • REI NAITO
  • GERTRUD NATZLER
  • VIRGINIA NEPODAL
  • GRETA VON NESSEN
  • MOLLY NEUMAN
  • LOUISE NEVELSON
  • NANCY NEWHALL
  • ASTA NIELSEN
  • CADY NOLAND
  • GEORGIA O'KEEFFE
  • YOKO ONO
  • MERET OPPENHEIM
  • CATALINA PARA
  • MERCEDES PARDO
  • AMELIA PELÁEZ DEL CASAL
  • ALIX PEARLSTEIN
  • IRENE RICE PEREIRA
  • CHARLOTTE PERRIAND
  • MARY PICKFORD
  • HOWARDENA PINDELL
  • CARME PINÓS
  • ADRIAN PIPER
  • LYUBOV POPOVA
  • GENESIS P-ORRIDGE
  • CLARA PORSET
  • LILIANA PORTER
  • CHARLOTTE POSENENSKE
  • YVONNE RAINER
  • JENNIFER REEVES
  • LILLY REICH
  • GRETE REICHARDT
  • RIDYKEULOUS
  • LENI RIEFENSTAHL
  • BRIDGET RILEY
  • FAITH RINGGOLD
  • PIPILOTTI RIST
  • DOROTHEA ROCKBURNE
  • ROGI-ANDRÉ
  • LOTTY ROSENFELD
  • MARTHA ROSLER
  • EMILY ROYSDON
  • OLGA ROZANOVA
  • LOJA SAARINEN
  • TAKAKO SAITO
  • ASTRID SAMPE
  • TOMOKO SAWADA
  • ZAHARA SCHATZ
  • MIRA SCHENDEL
  • CINDY SHERMAN
  • CAROLEE SCHNEEMANN
  • TRUUS SCHRÖDER-SCHRÄDER
  • MARGARETE SCHÜTTE-LIHOTZKY
  • DANA SCHUTZ
  • LILLIAN SCHWARTZ
  • DENISE SCOTT BROWN
  • SONJA SEKULA
  • MARY SHAFFER
  • ESPHYR SLOBODKINA
  • SHAHZIA SIKANDER
  • AMY SILLMAN
  • LAURIE SIMMONS
  • LORNA SIMPSON
  • MARIA SINIAKOVA
  • KIKI SMITH
  • ALISON SMITHSON
  • JOAN SNYDER
  • JANET SOBEL
  • ANTONINA SOFRANOVA
  • NANCY SPERO
  • JOANNE STAMERRA
  • VARVARA STEPANOVA
  • HEDDA STERNE
  • THELMA JOHNSON STREAT
  • MARIANNE STRENGELL
  • GUNTA STÖLZL
  • MICHELLE STUART
  • ALINA SZAPOCZNIKOW
  • SOPHIE TAEUBER-ARP
  • GINGER BROOKS TAKAHASHI
  • ATSUKO TANAKA
  • DOROTHEA TANNING
  • LESLIE THORNTON
  • TRINH T. MINH-HA
  • ANNE TRUITT
  • COSEY FANNI TUTTI
  • ANNE TYNG
  • DORIS ULMANN
  • TOBI VAIL
  • SUZANNE VALADON
  • AGNÈS VARDA
  • STEINA VASULKA
  • MARIA HELENA VIEIRA DA SILVA
  • LELLA VIGNELLI
  • VIVA
  • MADELON VRIESENDORP
  • KARA WALKER
  • WAR (WOMEN ARTISTS REVOLUTION)
  • SUSANNE WASSON-TUCKER
  • EVA WATSON-SCHÜTZE
  • GILLIAN WEARING
  • CARRIE MAE WEEMS
  • MATHILDE WEIL
  • REBA WEINER
  • CHARMION VON WIEGAND
  • KATHI WILCOX
  • MARGUERITE WILDENHAIN
  • HANNAH WILKE
  • JACKIE WINSOR
  • MARION POST WOLCOTT
  • ALLISON WOLFE
  • WOMEN ARTISTS VISIBILITY FRONT (WAVE)
  • EVA ZEISEL