Engineer, Agitator, Constructor: The Artist Reinvented

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Erich Mrozek. Poster design for International Hygiene Exhibition (Internationale Hygiene Ausstellung), Dresden, May–October 1930. 1930

Gouache on paper, 16 9/16 × 23 5/16" (42 × 59.2 cm). The Merrill C. Berman Collection. Acquired through the generosity of Alice and Tom Tisch, Jo Carole and Ronald S. Lauder, Sue and Edgar Wachenheim III, David Booth, Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis, Jack Shear, the Patricia Bonfield Endowed Acquisition Fund for the Design Collection, Daniel and Jane Och, The Orentreich Family Foundation, Emily Rauh Pulitzer, The Modern Women's Fund; and by exchange: Gift of Jean Dubuffet in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Colin, The Judith Rothschild Foundation Contemporary Drawings Collection, and the Richard S. Zeisler Bequest. © Erich Mrozek

Curator, Juliet Kinchin: In the 1920s and 1930s, many designers were actively aspiring to make a more equitable open kind of society. And in Germany, were the proliferation of civic exhibitions on a whole range of themes: education, sport, the new architecture, the new kitchen, the new housework.

One such exhibition in 1930 was, specifically on the subject of hygiene, and the poster was designed by Erich Mrozek. You can see the design is purely typographic. It's about this idea of purifying and purging the language of art and design, just as people needed to purify and create healthy bodies and lifestyles for this new world. The vivid yellow ground communicates this sense of sunshine and health.

At this time, there were real health issues with tuberculosis outbreaks. And this theme of health and hygiene was intimately connected with the development of modernism—the idea that the new architecture, the new world should be full of air and light and sunshine. But of course, with hindsight, the idea of hygiene and Germany at this time has uneasy overtones of racial and ethnic cleansing.