Engineer, Agitator, Constructor: The Artist Reinvented

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Valentina Kulagina. Maquette for We Are Building (Stroim). 1929

Cut-and-pasted printed and painted paper, sandpaper, gouache, and pencil on paper, 22 5/8 × 14 1/4" (57.5 × 36.2 cm). The Merrill C. Berman Collection. Acquired through the generosity of Alice and Tom Tisch, Jo Carole and Ronald S. Lauder, Sue and Edgar Wachenheim III, David Booth, Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis, Jack Shear, the Patricia Bonfield Endowed Acquisition Fund for the Design Collection, Daniel and Jane Och, The Orentreich Family Foundation, Emily Rauh Pulitzer, The Modern Women's Fund; and by exchange: Gift of Jean Dubuffet in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Colin, The Judith Rothschild Foundation Contemporary Drawings Collection, and the Richard S. Zeisler Bequest. © 2025 Estate of Valentina Kulagina / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Curator, Ellen Lupton: I'm Ellen Lupton. I'm a curator at Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum and I study the history and practice of graphic design.

Valentina Kulagina was a Russian artist and designer working in the 1920s in the new Soviet Union. She cut and pasted and painted and drew the elements of this original photomontage. Artists and designers in the ‘20s often clipped photos out of books and magazines to create new work. It was also common for them to paint or draw images by hand on top of these photographs. They would also add lettering and typography to their montages.

The image of the worker, who she has welding on top of a building, becomes a heroic symbol of the growing Soviet Union. Behind the worker, you see a photograph of a skyscraper, actually a photograph of Detroit, but she's overlapped that with her own more abstract gridded drawings of new buildings rising up. So, it's as if this worker is making possible this growing Soviet modernity.