During the rise of the Nazis, the Viennese painter Oskar Kokoschka became a well-known anti-fascist. He left Austria in 1935 for Prague, then London, and was ultimately exiled in Switzerland. More than 630 of his paintings, drawings, and prints were removed from German museums after being deemed "degenerate," including his Self-Portrait, which at the time belonged to the city museum in Halle, Germany (now Kunstmuseum Moritzburg).