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LOUISE BOURGEOIS: COMPLETE BOOKS & PRINTS

Louise Bourgeois: Complete Books & Prints
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Cat. No. 504.2/VII

Sainte Sébastienne

State/Variant:
Version 2 of 2, state VII of VII
Date:
1992
Alternate Title:
The Arrows of Stress
Descriptive Title:
Large Version
Themes:
Figures
Techniques:
Drypoint
Description:
Drypoint
Support:
Smooth, wove paper
Dimensions:
plate: 38 15/16 × 30 7/8" (98.9 × 78.4 cm); sheet: 47 7/16 × 37 1/8" (120.5 × 94.3 cm)
Signature:
"Louise Bourgeois" lower right margin, pencil.
Publisher:
Peter Blum Edition, New York
Printer:
Harlan & Weaver, New York
Edition:
50; plus 10 H.C., 5 P.P.
Impression:
"IX/X" lower left margin, pencil, unknown hand.
Edition Information:
There are 15 known impressions of version 2, state VII, outside the edition.

Of the 15 known impressions outside the edition, 4 are in MoMA's Collection. The 4 in MoMA's Collection are as follows: 1 variant on black paper (illustrated in the Evolving Composition Diagram below), and 3 additional unsigned impressions (Accession Numbers: 637.1996, 638.1996, 639.1996), which are not illustrated due to their similarity to the published impression. A fifth known impression outside the edition is inscribed "A.P." but is not a conventional A.P., as it is not numbered. It is not known whether or not the additional 10 impressions outside the edition are signed.
State Changes and Additions:
Changes from version 1, in drypoint: image transferred to larger plate and increased in scale; head excluded; contour lines added to body; arrow added to left leg.
Changes from version 2, state VI, in drypoint: contour lines added to right foot.
Background:
In 1990, Bourgeois began the first version of "Sainte Sébastienne" with Christian Guérin, of Gravure, New York, as printer. She discontinued work after completing state IX. (For state IX the printer was Harlan & Weaver, New York.) After more than a year, in 1991, she executed state X, which was again printed by Harlan & Weaver. She then discontinued work on the first version without issuing a published edition at that time. In 1992, she resumed the project with Harlan & Weaver as printer, this time enlarging the image to create a second version, which was published that year by Peter Blum Edition, New York.

In 1993, she went back to the first version, creating states XI-XII and publishing state XII in two editions, one in 1993 and the other in 1994. In 1993, state XII was published as "Stamp of Memories I" by Peter Blum Edition. It was hand stamped using a metal stamp depicting an ornate version of the initials "LB" which belonged to the artist's father, Louis Bourgeois. "Stamp of Memories II" was published in 1994, also by Peter Blum Edition. This edition of state XII was hand stamped with the artist's personal metal stamp, depicting a geometric version of the initials "LB." Both metal stamps were the type used for sealing letters with wax.

In the later states of version 1 (states V, X-XII), Bourgeois depicts three eggs within the figure's upswept hair. She referred to these as her three children. The artist used the same symbolism in the engraving "Bosom Lady" of 1948 and in "Dancing Insect" of 1999 (see Related Works in the Catalogue below). Bourgeois had three sons: Michel, Jean-Louis, and Alain.
Artist’s Remarks:
"First came the sweet face... and the mean cat face... then no face at all. Which will it be? No head at all! The arrows make her lose her head. This stage was chosen as the definitive one. The top looks like the section of a trunk... you see that it is a very fine tree.
You have to learn to deal with... the evil eye. You know it with your head, but you're not able to put it into practice. You say, She has a good head on her shoulders. Well, I'm not too sure of that! She lost her head... it has to be found... it must be somewhere. This is the drama of the loss... but don't make a fuss... things don't have to be desperate." (Quote cited in Wye, Deborah and Carol Smith. "The Prints of Louise Bourgeois." New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1994, p. 181.)

"'Sainte Sébastienne' is a self portrait. It's a state of being under attack, of being anxious and afraid. What does a person do when they are under seige? You better understand why you are being attacked. Is it provoked? Is it revenge? Do you fight back, or do you run for cover and retreat into the protection of your own lair? That is the big question." (Quote cited in Fetz, Wolfgang and Gerald Matt. "Saint Sebastian: A Splendid Readiness for Death." Vienna: Kunsthalle Wien; Bielefeld: Kerber Verlag, 2003/2004, p. 23.)
Curatorial Remarks:
According to Felix Harlan, of Harlan & Weaver, the artist sometimes used photocopies to aid in the process of developing a composition and/or transferring it onto a copper plate. Photocopies for this composition are designated as Studies in the Evolving Composition Diagram below. In the case of "Sainte Sébastienne," Bourgeois first made a photocopy of a 1987 untitled drawing from the exhibition catalogue, "Louise Bourgeois Drawings," produced by Robert Miller, New York and Daniel Lelong, Paris in 1988. This became the basis for the first version.

She then created several additional photocopy studies from this reproduction, experimenting with scale and alterations to the figure's form. These experiments informed the development of the second version, in which the figure appears headless and at a much larger scale. The artist also used the photocopies to develop this imagery for a Gobelins tapestry commissioned by the French government (see Related Works in Other Mediums below). The Brooklyn Museum's collection has two impressions that appear to have been used to develop the tapestry.
Bibliography:
Fetz, Wolfgang and Gerald Matt. "Saint Sebastian: A Splendid Readiness for Death." Vienna: Kunsthalle Wien; Bielefeld: Kerber Verlag, 2003/2004. (Catalogue accompanying the group exhibition "Saint Sebastian: A Splendid Readiness for Death" held at Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, from November 11, 2003 to May 15, 2004.)
Former Cat. No.:
W & S 110.2
MoMA Credit Line:
Gift of the artist
MoMA Accession Number:
2.1993
This Work in Other Collections:
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo
Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, OH
The Baltimore Museum of Art, MD
Cleveland Museum of Art, OH
Dallas Museum of Art, Texas
Musée du Dessin et de l'Estampe Originale de Gravelines (Nord)
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo, Norway
Saint Louis Art Museum, MO
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
University of Colorado, Boulder
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN

Sainte Sébastienne
1990-1998

Source
1987

NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Louise Bourgeois. Untitled. 1987
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Untitled
Ink, watercolor, and pencil on paper
1987

Studies

Louise Bourgeois. Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne). 1990-1993
Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne)
Study
1990-1993
Louise Bourgeois. Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne). 1990-1993
Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne)
Study
1990-1993
Louise Bourgeois. Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne). 1990-1993
Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne)
Study
1990-1993
Louise Bourgeois. Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne). 1990-1993
Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne)
Study
1990-1993
Louise Bourgeois. Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne). 1990-1993
Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne)
Study
1990-1993
Louise Bourgeois. Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne). 1990-1993
Untitled (Study for Sainte Sébastienne)
Study
1990-1993
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1996
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Sainte Sébastienne
Study
1996
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1998
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Sainte Sébastienne
Study
1998
Louise Bourgeois. Untitled (Study for Stamp of Memories I). c. 1994
Untitled (Study for Stamp of Memories I)
Study
c. 1994

First Version

Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state I of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state I of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state II of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state III of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state IV of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state IV of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state IV of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state V of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state V of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state V of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state VI of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state VI of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state VI of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state VII of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state VII of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state VII of XII, variant
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state VIII of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1990
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state IX of XII
1990
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1991
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state X of XII
1991
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1993
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state XI of XII, variant
1993
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1993
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state XI of XII, variant
1993
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1993
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state XI of XII, variant
1993
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1993
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 1 of 2, state XII of XII
1993
Louise Bourgeois. Stamp of Memories I. 1993
Stamp of Memories I
Version 1 of 2, state XII of XII, variant
1993
Louise Bourgeois. Stamp of Memories I. 1993
Stamp of Memories I
Version 1 of 2, state XII of XII, variant
1993
Louise Bourgeois. Stamp of Memories II. 1994
Stamp of Memories II
Version 1 of 2, state XII of XII, variant
1994
Louise Bourgeois. Stamp of Memories II. 1994
Stamp of Memories II
Version 1 of 2, state XII of XII, variant
1994
Published Louise Bourgeois. Stamp of Memories I. 1993
Stamp of Memories I
Version 1 of 2, state XII of XII
1993
Published NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Louise Bourgeois. Stamp of Memories II. 1994
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Stamp of Memories II
Version 1 of 2, state XII of XII
1994

Second Version

Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state I of VII
1992
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state II of VII
1992
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state III of VII
1992
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state IV of VII
1992
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state V of VII
1992
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
NOT IN MoMA'S COLLECTION Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state VI of VII
1992
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state VI of VII, variant
1992
Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state VII of VII, variant
1992
Published Louise Bourgeois. Sainte Sébastienne. 1992
Sainte Sébastienne
Version 2 of 2, state VII of VII
1992