Front / Recto

  • Title Industry
  • Negative Date c. 1930
  • Print Date 1930–55
  • Medium Gelatin silver print
  • Dimensions Image 10 3/16 × 8" (25.8 × 20.3 cm)
    Mount 10 13/16 × 8 11/16" (27.5 × 22.1 cm)
  • Place Taken New York
  • Credit Line Thomas Walther Collection. Abbott-Levy Collection funds, by exchange
  • MoMA Accession Number 1642.2001
  • Copyright © 2015 Anton Bruehl Estate

Back / Verso

  • Mount Type Mount (original)
  • Marks and Inscriptions Inscribed in pencil on mount verso, top center: This photograph is from the estate of my father, Martin J. Bruehl, who was partners with his brother Anton Bruehl in a photography studio in the 1920's to 1950's. This photograph was taken by Anton Bruehl/[signed:] Anton Martin Bruehl. Inscribed in pencil on mount verso, top center: BRUEHL. Inscribed in pencil on mount verso, top right: R1934. Inscribed in pencil on mount verso, bottom center: PF 24644. Inscribed in pencil on mount verso, bottom right: TW 900402.
  • Provenance The artist; to the artist’s brother, Martin J. Bruehl (1922–1967) [1]; by inheritance to the estate of Martin J. Bruehl (the artist's nephew, Anton Martin Bruehl), 1967 [2]; to Keith de Lellis, New York; sold through Sotheby's New York (sale 6004, lot 279) to Thomas Walther, April 26, 1990 [3]; purchased by The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2001.
    [1] Martin J. Bruehl was also the artist's studio partner.
    [2] MacGill/Walther 2001(3), p. 5.
    [3] Ibid.; and Sotheby's invoice no. 6004 140, April 26, 1990..

Surface

  • Surface Sheen Matte
  • Techniques Mount
    Contact print
  • PTM
    View of the recto of the artwork made using reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) software, which exaggerates subtle surface details and renders the features of the artwork plainly visible. Department of Conservation, MoMA
  • Micro-raking
    Raking-light close-up image, as shot. Area of detail is 6.7 x 6.7 mm. Department of Conservation, MoMA
    Raking-light close-up image, processed. Processing included removal of color, equalization of the histogram, and sharpening, all designed to enhance visual comparison. Department of Conservation, MoMA

Paper Material

  • Format Unknown
  • UV Fluorescence Recto negative
    Verso no data
  • Fiber Analysis No fiber data available
  • Material Techniques Developing-out paper
  • XRF

    This work was determined to be a gelatin silver print via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.

    The following elements have been positively identified in the work, through XRF readings taken from its recto and verso (or from the mount, where the verso was not accessible):

    • Recto: Al, P, S, Cl, Ca, Zn, Sr, Ag, Ba
    • Mount: Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Fe, Zn, Ba

    The graphs below show XRF spectra for three areas on the print: two of the recto—from areas of maximum and minimum image density (Dmax and Dmin)—and one of the verso or mount. The background spectrum represents the contribution of the XRF instrument itself. The first graph shows elements identified through the presence of their characteristic peaks in the lower energy range (0 to 8 keV). The second graph shows elements identified through the presence of their characteristic peaks in the higher energy range (8 to 40 keV).

    Areas examined: Recto (Dmax: black; Dmin: green), Verso or Mount (blue), Background (red)
    Elements identified: Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Ba
    Areas examined: Recto (Dmax: black; Dmin: green), Verso or Mount (blue), Background (red)
    Elements identified: Fe, Zn, Sr, Ag, Ba

In Context

Historical Publications

  • “The Brothers Bruehl.” U.S. Camera, 1939 (as Industry).

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