Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
July 29–November 5, 2012
MEMBER PREVIEWS ON NOW MEMBER EARLY HOURSThe Joan and Preston Robert Tisch Exhibition Gallery, sixth floor
Download the Family Activity Guide in PDF format (Adobe Acrobat Reader required).
MoMA’s ambitious survey of 20th century design for children is the first large-scale overview of the modernist preoccupation with children and childhood as a paradigm for progressive design thinking. The exhibition will bring together areas underrepresented in design history and often considered separately, including school architecture, clothing, playgrounds, toys and games, children’s hospitals and safety equipment, nurseries, furniture, and books.
In 1900, Swedish design reformer and social theorist Ellen Key’s book Century of the Child presaged the 20th century as a period of intensified focus and progressive thinking regarding the rights, development, and well-being of children as interests of utmost importance to all society. Taking inspiration from Key—and looking back through the 20th century 100 years after her forecast—this exhibition will examine individual and collective visions for the material world of children, from utopian dreams for the “citizens of the future” to the dark realities of political conflict and exploitation. In this period children have been central to the concerns, ambitions, and activities of modern architects and designers both famous and unsung, and working specifically for children has often provided unique freedom and creativity to the avant-garde.
Related programming is offered at MoMA Studio: Common Senses.
Organized by Juliet Kinchin, Curator, and Aidan O’Connor, Curatorial Assistant, Department of Architecture and Design.
Major support for the exhibition is provided by Lawrence B. Benenson and The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation.
Additional funding is provided by the Nordic Culture Fund, Lily Auchincloss Foundation, Inc., The Modern Women’s Fund, the Barbro Osher Pro Suecia Foundation, and Marimekko.
Support for the publication is provided by The International Council of The Museum of Modern Art and the Jo Carole Lauder Publications Fund of The International Council of The Museum of Modern Art.
Special thanks to Stokke AS–Ålesund, Norway.
Related Events
Upcoming
Past
Member Previews: Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Early Viewing Hours - Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Members enjoy special early viewing hours of Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000 before the Museum opens to the public.
Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Pop-Up Play @ MoMA
Come to MoMA and play! Explore, build, and create with everyday and recycled materials to create a pop-up play space. Drop-in before or after visiting MoMA's Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000 exhibition, where you can learn about innovative play methods and spaces of the past. Educators will be on hand to facilitate child-directed play, but parents must accompany their children. Organized in collaboration with Pop-Up Adventure Play.
Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Growing by Design: Designing for Kids
Visit Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000 to discover toys, games, playgrounds, and other things that were designed just for kids. Then get creative as you mock up your own kid-friendly design.
Back to School: A Taste of Finland
In addition to inspiring modern design, from toys and books to playgrounds and schools, children are themselves subject to design, in large part through food and nutrition. A number of works on view in the exhibition Century of the Child: Growing by Design 1900-2000 represent the complexity of this relationship throughout the 20th century, from Paul Schuitema’s 1927–28 advertisement for Nutricia to Jukka Veistola’s 1969 competition-winning poster for UNICEF.
The most regulated aspect of many children’s everyday relationship with food is school lunch, and this is exactly the subject of Back to School: A Taste of Finland. In this series, a collaboration between the exhibition curators, MoMA’s Cafe 2, and the Consulate General of Finland, adults are invited to participate in a meal inspired by the koululounas (school lunches) of Finland, a country consistently recognized for excelling in all aspects of public education. According to its National Board of Education, Finland was the first country in the world to serve free, regulated school meals to children on a large scale, starting in 1948. Today, balanced meals of local and inexpensive ingredients provide both energy and educational value.
Back to School: A Taste of Finland lunches will be attended by curator Juliet Kinchin and curatorial assistant Aidan O’Connor, of MoMA’s Department of Architecture and Design, with a menu organized by Petteri Luoto, one of Finland’s most celebrated chefs. Luoto has been associated with gourmet restaurants in Helsinki, Turku, and Göteborg, and represented Finland at the Shanghai EXPO 2010. He is currently creating a food concept for the upcoming Finnish Radical Design Week in Shanghai. Luoto will collaborate with chef Lynn Bound of Cafe 2 and Terrace 5 at MoMA.
Variations on a Theme Park
Since Walt Disney opened the quintessential utopia of leisure in 1955 in Anaheim, California, Disneyland and its empire—actual amusement parks such as Disney World, Euro-Disney, and Tokyo Disney, as well as its atomized offspring in the form of The Mickey Mouse Club, brands like Hannah Montana, and Disney Films—have transformed notions of childhood, spaces of leisure, and concepts of the public, urban space. This discussion will explore the design innovations that produced spaces like the Magic Kingdom, the utopian aspirations behind EPCOT, and the urban planning concepts driving Main Street and New Orleans Square, which together produce an environment of innocence, exploration, and adventure for children and adults alike.
Jennifer Gray (PhD, Columbia University) is a historian of modern art and architecture, specializing in the relationships between progressive social politics and the built environment. She teaches and lectures at The Museum of Modern Art.
Blocks Tell a Story: Creating Narratives in Space and Time
Led by toy designer and educator Karen Hewitt of Burlington, Vermont–based Learning Materials Workshop, these two workshops and drop-in activities invite visitors to channel their inner sense of creative play to design their own stories and reinvent their urban landscapes with building blocks.
Workshops begin with a brief visual tour of the history of building blocks as a learning tool from the 1850s to the present—from Friedrich Froebel to computer Smart Blocks. Participants then create narratives using only blocks. Without the aid of figurative miniature objects, the blocks can become symbols for objects, people, and animals. Participants’ narratives will be documented and shared.
Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Century of the Child, Part I: 1900–1945
Century of the Child, Part 2: 1945–2000
Can Food Be Art?
Artist Nancy Hwang has been engaged in making communication-based participatory art projects, and she proposes that food—cooking with strangers and sharing their recipes—can be a good way to get to know one another on an intimate level. Following a brief introduction to previous works by Hwang, audience members are invited to share their childhood food memories to open up a conversation. This participatory talk is open-ended, much like Nancy’s own performance work.
Nancy Hwang has been producing audience-participatory projects in galleries, museums and public spaces over the last fifteen years in North America, Europe and Asia. She holds a Master of Fine Arts in Sculpture from Cranbrook Academy of Art and a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Maryland.
Midori Yamamura, Ph.D., is Visiting Assistant Professor in the History of Art and Design at Pratt Institute and a Lecturer at the Museum of Modern Art. She is the author of Yayoi Kusama: Mirrored Years (2009) and a contributor to the Whitney Museum exhibition catalog, Yoyoi Kusama (2012).
Duck Duck Goose
In museum education, educators are often taught to pose open-ended questions, allowing for answers that further conversation and understanding. For this project, a selection of works is chosen from MoMA’s collection. Audience members are invited to share their views on each work, but they must observe the rules of the game. Though this project diverges from the format of the children’s game duck, duck, goose, it retains the game’s playful nature and uses the form of childhood games to further an exploration as to what transpires when we talk about art together.
Paula Stuttman (MFA, New York University) is an artist and part-time assistant professor of postwar and contemporary art at the New School of Public Engagement in New York City. She is a lecturer and a Community/Access Educator at MoMA, and is an educator at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and The Jewish Museum.
The Child in the City of Play
In conjunction with the exhibition Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000, this half-day symposium explores the impact of play in urban environments on childhood development. Sessions feature play theorists, architects and designers, educators, and others as they discuss topics including the importance of childhood play and the design of playful cities. Participants include Jane Chermayeff, President, Architecture Playground Equipment; Amy L. Freitag, executive director, New York Restoration Project; Adriaan Geuze, Founder/Principal, West 8; Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek, Stanley and Debra Lefkowitz Professor, Department of Psychology, Temple University; Darell Hammond, Founder, KaBOOM; Juliet Kinchin, Curator, Department of Architecture and Design, MoMA, and organizer of the exhibition; Neil Stevenson, IDEO; Doug Suisman, Principal, Suisman Urban Design, Santa Monica; and the Tottenville High School Marching Band.
This program will be live-streamed at livestream.com/museummodernart.
12:30–1:00 p.m. | Theater doors open
Slideshow of images from Playscapes blog, Paige L. Johnson
Welcome, Juliet Kinchin
Introduction, Jane Clark Chermayeff
Why Play?
"Knights and Dragons, Blocks and Shape Sorters: Where Play Meets the Science of Learning," Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
Bridging from the 20th into the 21st Century
"Making Space and Place for Play in the Century of the Child," Juliet Kinchin
"Inside Out Play," Neil Stevenson
Designing Playful Cities
Introduction, Jane Clark Chermayeff
"Aren’t We All Children?," Adriaan Geuze
"A Great Place to Play for Every Child?," Darell Hammond
3:15–3:45 p.m. | Break
Play in MoMA Studio: Common Senses, featuring interactive installations by artists Fritz Haeg and J. Morgan Puett of Mildred's Lane and the Mildred Complex(ity); designer Karen Hewitt; and educators Reggio Children.
Designing Playful Cities (cont.)
Introduction, Jane Clark Chermayeff
"The Walking City as a Child’s Muse," Doug Suisman
"Dominoes, Dirt, and Diplomacy: Expanding Play in the Public Realm," Amy Freitag
Intersections: Design, Play, and City Surroundings
"A Playful Conversation," Neil Stevenson, Darell Hammond, Doug Suisman, and Amy Freitag; moderated by Jane Clark Chermayeff
Closing Remarks, Juliet Kinchin
Procession, Tottenville High School Marching Band
5:15–6:15 p.m. | Reception
Are Games Art?
In this conversational presentation, we'll explore games as an art form. From looking at games in MoMA's collection to discussing how some artists use games as a medium for making their work, this talk looks at games and play through the lense of visual art. After inviting participants to share their ideas about the relationships between art and games, the program will end with a conversation about art projects that tow the lines between games, art, and social engagement.
Sheetal Prajapati is Associate Educator, Public Programs in the Department of Education at MoMA.
Radical Pedagogy: Wholeschooling, with Paul Bartow and J. Morgan Puett in conversation
Artist Paul Bartow talks with J. Morgan Puett of Mildred’s Lane and the Mildred Complex(ity). Puett joins us from Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia, to discuss her "adventure," Radical Pedagogy: Wholeschooling.
Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900–2000
Swarming and Self-Organization, with Brian Conley
Brian Conley is an artist living in San Francisco, where he is a professor at the California College of the Arts. He is cofounder, with Sina Najafi, of Cabinet Magazine and education and curatorial advisor for SADA for Contemporary Iraqi Art, a remote-teaching program based in Baghdad and Beirut that serves young Iraqi artists. His most recent exhibition, at Pierogi Gallery in Brooklyn, was a performance in collaboration with historical-war-gamers, titled Miniature War in Iraq…and now Afghanistan.
High Design, to Scale
Explore what is at stake when children have made-to-size versions of adult objects, and how this early exposure to a particular aesthetic sensibility may affect a child’s developing taste. For example, how does the child-sized Breuer Chair differ from a chair originally designed with a child in mind? Join us for an interactive discussion that addresses the strategies behind both modes of design.
Molleen Theodore (PhD, CUNY Graduate Center) is the Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Fellow in the Education Department at the Yale University Art Gallery and a lecturer in the Department of Education at MoMA. In 2010, she completed her dissertation, “Beyond ‘Meaningless Work’: The Art of Walter De Maria, 1960–1977.” Her focus is on postwar art from the Americas and Europe.
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2000. France. Anne-Sophie Birot. 102 min.
The Night of the Hunter
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A Scary Time
1960. USA. Shirley Clarke, Robert Hughes. 16 min.
Na cidade vazia (Hollow City)
2004. Angola. Maria João Ganga. 92 min.
A Day at the Beach
1951. USA. 10 min.
Little Fugitive
1953. USA. Ray Ashley, Ruth Orkin, Morris Engel. 75 min.
The Illustrated Mum
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Days of Heaven
1978. USA. Terrence Malick. 93 min.
Your Children’s Meals
1948. Great Britain. Alexander Strasser. 12 min.
Thirteen
1997. USA. David D. Williams. 87 min.
A Perfect World
1993. USA. Clint Eastwood. 138 min.
Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle Thieves)
1948. Italy. Vittorio De Sica. 85 min.
The Village School
1940. Great Britain. John Eldridge. 11 min.
Lord of the Flies
1963. Great Britain. Peter Brook. 90 min.
The Ball
2001. Mozambique. Orlando Mesquita. 6 min.
Pixote
1981. Brazil. Hector Babenco. 124 min.
Public School Exercises and Recreation
1911. USA. Approx. 12 min.
Les quatres cents coups (The 400 Blows)
1959. France. Francois Truffaut. 93 min.
Zoo in Budapest
1933. USA. Rowland V. Lee. 82 min.
Stolen Child
1972. Czechoslovakia. Hermina Tyrlova. 8 min.
La petite vendeuse de soleil (The Little Girl Who Sold the Sun)
1998. Senegal. Djibril Diop Mambéty. 45 min.
Children Who Labor
1912. USA. Ashley Miller. 14 min.
Hoodoo Ann
1916. USA. Lloyd Ingraham. 73 min.
Alice in Wonderland
1948. Great Britain/France. Dallas Bower, Vincent Perane, Lou Bunin. 96 min.
Kinder, Mütter un Ein General (Sons, Mothers, and a General)
1955. Germany. Laslo Benedek. 110 min.
The Virgin Suicides
1999. USA. Sofia Coppola. 97 min.
Walkabout
1971. Great Britain. Nicolas Roeg. 100 min.
Palindromes
2004. USA. Todd Solondz. 100 min.
Curly Top
1935. USA. Irving Cummings. 75 min.
Les Mistons (The Mischief Makers)
1957. France. Francois Truffaut. 25 min.
The Quiet One
1949. USA. Sidney Meyers. 65 min.
Ladislav Sutnar. Prototype for Build the Town Building Blocks. 1940–43. Painted wood, large block: 1 3/4 x 2 3/4 x 2 3/4″ (4.4 x 7 x 7 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Gift of Ctislav Sutnar and Radoslav Sutnar
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